Which aspects of your education you choose to emphasize depends a lot on your individual
circumstances. These general guidelines will help you get the credit you deserve for
the education that you have achieved.

1. If you are a new graduate with limited work experience, you will want to put the
education section of your resume near the top of the first page. Ramp it up by
including information about scholarships, GPA, internships, work-study programs,
related coursework, and extracurricular activities.

2. If you graduated more than five years ago, your job objective will determine whether
you put your education before or after your work experience. If you are working in a
field that is related to your degree or major, your work experience should receive the
greater emphasis (and therefore go first). If you are working in an unrelated area
and want to get back to your initial game plan, put your education before your work
experience.

3. If you are a career changer with a new degree, put your education before your work
experience. This structure will illustrate your commitment to and enthusiasm for
your new career choice.

4. If you received your degree from a very prestigious university whose name impresses
people, place the education section before your work experience to establish instant
credibility.

5. If you are an academic, always put your education first.

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The key to creating a scannable resume is to make sure that it is readable by both
employers and computers. Because these resumes are usually scanned into a company’s
human resources database, some special rules apply.

1. Print your resume on scannable high-quality laser-resolution paper.
2. Do not use colored paper or ink.
3. Send an original document rather than a photocopy.
4. Your name should appear on the first line of your resume with your address, phone
number, e-mail address, and fax number beneath your name.
5. Your resume should include text only. Eliminate all bullets, underlining, graphics,
italics, and boldface.
6. Keep the formatting simple. Use standard paragraphs, traditional fonts (Arial,
Times, or Helvetica), and 10- to 14-point font size.
7. Make sure that you number the pages and put your name at the top of every page.
8. Don’t use headers or footers.
9. Distinguish section headings by using capital letters.
10. Use an outline format (rather than bullet points) for your job responsibilities and
accomplishments.
11. Use job-specific keywords. Industry terms, jargon, buzzwords, and hard skills will
also pass the computer scan test for relevance. You can also include job titles,
departments, key functions, technical skills, degrees, and other relevant information.
12. To adapt your current resume into a scanner-friendly resume, eliminate all the formatting
and add a keywords section at the bottom of your resume.

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Resumes should always be action-oriented. The following list of action verbs is designed
to help you better identify and articulate your accomplishments.

Action Words

Achieved
Acquired
Adapted
Administered
Advised
Advocated
Allocated
Analyzed
Anticipated
Appraised
Arranged
Assembled
Assessed
Assisted
Attended
Audited
Augmented
Authored
Balanced
Benchmarked
Briefed
Broadened
Built
Chaired
Checked
Clarified
Collaborated
Combined
Communicated
Completed
Compiled
Composed
Computed
Conceived
Concluded
Conducted
Constructed
Consulted
Contributed
Coordinated
Counseled
Crafted
Created
Decreased
Defined
Delivered
Demonstrated
Designed
Determined
Developed
Diagnosed
Directed
Discovered
Documented
Drafted
Edited
Educated
Engineered
Established
Evaluated
Exceeded
Executed
Expanded
Expedited
Facilitated
Financed
Foresaw
Formalized
Formed
Formulated
Fostered
Founded
Generated
Governed
Hired
Identified
Implemented
Improved
Increased
Influenced
Initiated
Installed
Instituted
Integrated
Interacted
Interpreted
Interviewed
Introduced
Invented
Investigated
Launched
Led
Leveraged
Linked
Maintained
Managed
Marketed
Mediated
Mentored
Moderated
Monitored
Motivated
Negotiated
Operated
Organized
Originated
Oversaw
Patented
Performed
Pioneered
Planned
Prepared
Produced
Programmed
Promoted
Proposed
Provided
Publicized
Published
Purchased
Pursued
Recruited
Reengineered
Represented
Researched
Reshaped
Resolved
Restructured
Reviewed
Revised
Rewrote
Scheduled
Secured
Selected
Served
Set up
Sold
Spearheaded
Sponsored
Staffed
Started
Structured
Supervised
Surpassed
Surveyed
Taught
Tested
Trained
Transformed
Updated
Upgraded
Utilized
Wrote

Words to Avoid Like the Proverbial Plague

Abused
Accused
Bullied
Burned
Destroyed
Embezzled
Fired
Immolated
Indicted
Maimed
Manhandled
Massacred
Misappropriated
Robbed
Shot
Stole
Squandered
Threatened
Victimized
Violated

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Come to informational interviews prepared with a list of questions and, if necessary, take
notes during the interview to make sure that you remember the answers to your questions.
The following questions will (hopefully) get your thinking started in the right direction:

1. What is your job title and occupational role?
2. How did you choose this field? Profession?
3. What kind of training do you need to do your job?
4. What skills and experience do you need to work in this field?
5. What is your educational background?
6. Do you think that your education prepared you well to do this kind of work?
7. Do you have an area of specialization?
8. Are there other areas of specialization that I might want to consider?
9. What does a typical career path look like in this field?
10. Is the field growing?
11. What are the most difficult challenges that you face in your work? Career?
12. How competitive is this field? Are jobs plentiful or scarce?
13. How do you typically spend your day? Week?
14. Do you work under a lot of stress?
15. How many hours per week do you normally work? Is it common to take work
home?
16. Do you have to deal with a lot of crises and emergencies?
17. Where does your job/position fit within the larger organization?
18. Do people recognize and appreciate the work you do?
19. What do you like most about this work?
20. What do you like least about this work?
21. What advice can you give me?
22. Is there a professional group that you like and belong to?
23. Can you recommend other people for me to talk to?
24. If I want to go into this field, what do you recommend that I do first?
25. Is there anything that you wish you had done differently in your career?
26. What is a typical starting salary?
27. Would you mind reviewing my resume and making comments?
28. What is the best way to find a job in your field?

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With so many changes in the job market, it’s no wonder that so many people find
researching a career confusing and overwhelming. The key is to find ways to link your
self-assessment information to potential career choices and then structure a plan to learn
more about the fields and industries that interest you. Informational interviewing, a targeted
form of networking, is an essential part of that process.
Here’s how it works:

1. Use the Occupations Summary in the previous checklist to identify the fields and
occupations that you want to explore.

2. Ask people that you know (relatives, acquaintances, friends, colleagues, past
employers) to introduce you to people who work in your areas of interest.

3. Use the Encyclopedia of Associations (available at many libraries) and other
resource materials to help you identify professional/trade associations in your target
area. If there is a local chapter, plan to attend a meeting to meet new people and
learn more about the field.

4. Should you decide to join a professional group, ask if they have a membership
directory (which you can use to conduct further informational interviews) as well as
a job bank (which will come in handy when you’re ready to do your job search).

5. When you have identified the people that you want to meet (either through your
personal networking strategy or by using the directory), contact them by e-mail or
phone to schedule a convenient time to talk.

6. During your initial conversation, make sure that you briefly explain who you are,
why you are contacting them, and what you hope to gain from the conversation.
Make sure that you are cordial but assertive.

7. Before the interviews, do your homework. Read trade journals, track down Web
sites, and gather whatever information you need in order to present yourself as a
knowledgeable interviewee. Remember that your goal is not to find a job, it is to
find out if this is the right career path or company for you.

8. At the conclusion of the interview, ask your contact if they can recommend other
people or resources that you can use to learn more about your areas of interest.

9. Always follow up your meetings with a thank-you letter. If someone was particularly
helpful, make sure that you tell them how much you appreciate their interest and
concern. Also, make sure that you periodically apprise them of your progress. They
will surely appreciate your consideration.

10. After you have made a decision (whether it’s for or against a particular choice),
reconnect with your network of people to let them know how you are progressing
and what you would like to happen next.

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